The technology of the production of disc automobile wheels has now undergone great changes. Previously, wheels were made only of steel. Structurally, they consisted of a rolling rim and the actual stamped disc. These two parts, made separately, were then interconnected by welding ... But technology is constantly evolving, new methods, new types of products are emerging. So there were light alloy wheels. As a rule, they are made from alloys of aluminum or magnesium. Nowadays, light alloys are increasingly used in the automotive industry for the production of parts for cars and trucks, including wheels [1–3]. Wheels from light alloys, depending on the technology of manufacturing wheels are divided into cast, forged (made by hot forging), combined. Aluminum alloys of various grades, rarely magnesium alloys, and even less often titanium alloys are widely used for their production.wheels of cars are established. The proposals for improving the list of methods for assessing the impact strength of alloy wheels of cars depending on their design features are given.

Currently, the development of the automotive industry is shifting from classic cars with an internal combustion engine towards cars with combined power plants and electric vehicles. However, the latter’s disadvantage is the relatively low specific energy intensity of the batteries in comparison with hydrocarbon fuel, and, as a result, a smaller power reserve. The limited capacity of the traction battery is get worse by the need to heat the interior of the vehicle. For electric vehicles and electric buses, this task is complicated by the lack of a constant and intense heat source that is found in traditional cars. Thus, providing a comfortable temperature in the cabin of an electric vehicle entails the use of the energy of the traction battery, which ultimately reduces the power reserve. This article discusses the implementation of energy efficient and safe heating of the electric vehicle cabin, presents the existing technical solutions and developments.

In this article, on the basis of the methodology for the evaluation of integrated indicator of "the level of service provided by infrastructure" (eng. Cycling Level of Service, CLoS) demonstrated the shortcomings of the design of the bike lane on the Boulevard ring of Moscow and shows that the existing design solution does not create favorable conditions for the use of this infrastructure by Bicycle users (CLoS = 39 points, therefore the bike lane should be classified as low-quality, suitable only for very experienced cyclists).

Thanks to the relatively simple measures proposed in the article, it is possible to increase the level of quality of service of cyclists (CLoS) more than twice, to a value of 90 points, which will allow to consider the Bicycle lane as high-quality, suitable for cyclists of all ages and qualifications. The implementation of the proposed measures is likely to lead to an increase in the intensity of the use of the Bicycle infrastructure under consideration.

The proposed method will allow reasonably and as objectively as possible to assess the quality of the existing and planned Bicycle infrastructure in Moscow and other cities, and increase the efficiency of its use.

As part of the study and student exchange program between European institutions of higher education in Parma, Italy, under the Erasmus + program.

During the period of study, the Russian student was the initial material of the discipline “Material Mechanics and Structural Integrity [1]”. The ABAQUS software was mastered, which allows analyzing design structures, evaluating new functionality, and modeling technological processes. Were obtained laboratory tests of samples obtained in the laboratory of the University of Parma, Italy. After processing and analyzing the results, conclusions were drawn about the possibilities of using the tested materials for the production and repair of car parts and components, for example, for inserts of a crankshaft of an internal combustion engine.

In this article is considered the problems with the technological methods that accompany the device pavement. The purpose of the research is related to the analysis of the technology in the carpets, which consequences of the appearance of negative factors in the form of temperature segregation in asphalt delivered by dump trucks to the site of the laying. To draw conclusions, analytical methods of reflection and formalization practical and theoretical studies were used. The main results of this research include the identification of sources manifestation of the temperature irregularity in asphalt and the technological features in the production of styling using construction machines. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of methods for automated control in production processes, in particular, maintaining temperature conditions. The necessity of a systematic solution to ensuring the quality indicators in construction industry with the use at appropriate organizational and technological methods is established.

There are various gearing profiles, parameters of gears, as well as methods for their manufacture and processing, considered in the article. Materials with various alloying elements are considered. The possible ways to eliminate the shortcomings in the manufacture of gear. A comparative analysis of gears and their working conditions in the assemblies of automobiles and heavy equipment has been carried out. The main differences of tooth-wheels in heavy and agricultural machinery from cogwheels in passenger cars are named. The advantages and disadvantages of gear wheels with different modules, as well as their area of application has been analyzed. The article discusses the conditions of operation of gears, and also describes the effect of lubricating fluid on the quality of gearing. Recommendations on the selection of the type of gears for cars and heavy equipment have formulated. The main factors that directly affect the quality of gearing are characterized.

The article identifies the advantages and disadvantages of the running equipment of the excavator in the form of a tracked propulsion unit. The loading of supporting elements of a low-support tracked undercarriage of a single-bucket excavator is considered. The design scheme of the excavator trolley is adopted. Compiled a mathematical model for calculating the loads of supporting elements. Using a mathematical model, external loads are determined that act on the supporting elements of the undercarriage of a crawler excavator when the angle of rotation of the excavator platform and the departure of the resultant is changed. The graphs of changes in the external load acting on the support rollers of the undercarriage of a crawler tracker of the excavator are given.

The hydraulic cylinder is a key link in the hydraulic system of road-building machines. In the process of its operation, malfunctions may occur, leading to breakdowns or a decrease in the performance of the system as a whole. The object of the study is the hydraulic cylinder rod. The subject of the study are various methods of repair of scoring, including the use of polymer composite materials. The purpose of the study is to compare these methods, identify their advantages and disadvantages.

The review of traditional repair technologies, such as: the method of repair dimensions, surfacing and spraying. It is revealed that the technology of applying graphite-filled two-component epoxy glue is a more effective technical and economic solution compared to the above methods. The use of polymer coating will not only improve the performance of the repaired rod, but also the level of its reliability and maintainability throughout the life cycle.

The article describes the options for the use of various ways to restore the performance of worn working surfaces of camshafts during the complex repair work. A comparative analysis of the technical and economic efficiency of the considered methods is carried out and the most suitable analysis by the criterion of technological effectiveness of use and ensuring the level of reliability and operability of the restored working surfaces of parts and their spatial geometry, reasonably chosen method of repair is identified.

This article discusses the models of wheel-walking excavators and their brief description. The analysis is carried out according to 5 different criteria: working conditions, dimensions, engine capacity, power and weight. The aim is to identify a universal model designed for different types of work.

This article discusses the models of excavator buckets and their brief description. The analysis of various criteria buckets: working conditions, dimensions, and weight, geometric parameters. The aim is to identify the main parameters of the buckets, the changes of which will most significantly affect their characteristics.

In the article it is discussed the main types of waste generated during the demolition of buildings. The most common are waste concrete and reinforced concrete. Since 2018, renovation has been carried out in the Moscow region, during which the estimated volume of concrete scrap will be more than 13 million m³. The most effective way to utilize concrete waste is to use crushed concrete as coarse and fine aggregate in hard concrete mixtures when constructing road foundations.

The research of the sand grains surface has been conducted by micrographs. The properties and features of crushed concrete have been determined. Formulations of rigid rolled concrete with replacement of natural aggregates to sand and crushed concrete crushed are selected. Conducted research on the properties of concrete on aggregates of crushed concrete. The economic efficiency of the use of crushed concrete in rigid concrete mixtures for the construction of road foundations has been determined.

The need to improve the state of roads in various federal districts of Russia has been talked about for a long time. But only since 2011, when Dmitry Medvedev, being president, ordered to implement all the technological developments available at that time to improve the quality of the road surface, one can observe at least some progress in this direction.

Analysis of accident rates on the roads of the Krasnodar region revealed a General tendency to reduce the number of accidents, as well as a steady proportion of accidents committed in the dark. The number of accidents in the dark in the Krasnodar region is higher than the average for Russia. The relevance of the research is to develop criteria for assessing the level of danger on the roads, taking into account the light and dark time of day. The indicator of the degree of danger allows to classify the time periods during the year, in order to improve the effectiveness of measures to improve traffic safety in the dark. The results of calculations based on the study of accident rates, traffic intensity on the roads, changes in the periods of dark and light time of day are presented. Methods of the risk theory adapted to the traffic safety system determined the risk of road accidents on the roads of Federal and regional importance for light and dark. Taking into account the maximum hourly traffic intensity in the dark and the average risk of an accident, the limits of the hazard coefficients and the time periods for the appointment of priority traffic safety measures are determined.

This article indicates the reasons for the formation of highways on departure lines of megacities. The main causes of the process of circular migration are identified. Solutions to the existing problem are the considered user service. The main purpose of services is to ensure the smooth movement of vehicles in conditions of high traffic on the road network. The service bar allows for the joint operation of vehicles to reduce the density of vehicles in the network. To describe the concept of service, the main functional requirements and measures were identified. To determine the order of service provision, in accordance with a sequential procedure for performing functional tasks, the subjects participate in the service provision process. The foreign experience considered in the article shows that the introduction of such a service provides an increase in mobility, speed and efficiency of traffic.

The article deals with the modern parameters of the national economy, identified problems in the distribution of household income and economic indicators that form the value of consumer spending of Russians. The preconditions causing differentiation of the population depending on the level of per capita monetary income are formulated. The causes of changes in consumption and differences in the structure of consumption of rich and poor groups are considered. The correlation between income inequality and consumption is revealed. In addition, the authors analyze the impact of income inequality on consumption on the basis of statistical data of the Russian Federation using the Lorentz Curve and the Gini coefficient. The dynamics of income and consumer spending of households for 2014–2018 is shown. the Authors calculated the relationship of the economic policy of the state, the marginal propensity to consumption, the marginal propensity to save and the multiplier of spending on the standard of living of the population and its dynamics. Special attention is paid to the study of economic development of the Russian Federation with the help of P. Romer's model. A natural result of the study was the conclusion that the differentiation of society has a negative impact on the poor, even if the overall welfare of the population. Inequality in society reduces the availability of education and health services, leading to a reduction in future household income. The fall in consumer spending leads to a reduction in aggregate demand, national income and provokes a decline in GDP. Therefore, investments in human capital are necessary to stimulate economic growth and change the structure of consumer spending.

The paper reveals the generalized concept and structural content of the system of international economic activity, conducted a study of external and internal problems that emerged in it in the context of the globalization of the global economic and political life. The main goals, objectives and main directions for the implementation of the Foreign Economic Strategy of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2020 are set out to be one of the key factors for solving these problems, increasing the pace and efficiency of the socio-economic development of the country in the context of global uncertainty. On the basis of official data (reports) of Rosstat, the Federal Customs Service and the Bank of Russia, the practical results of international economic activities in the field of international trade of the Russian Federation, achieved in 2017, are summarized and presented. The main directions of increasing the efficiency of socio-economic development, foreign trade activities associated with it in the general system of foreign economic activity of the Russian Federation, established by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 7, 2018 No. 204 “On the national goals and strategic objectives of the development of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2024, are given ". The conclusions summarize the results of studies showing the fundamental impact of international economic activity on the entire set of socio-economic and socio-political relations of the state, the need to implement in it a well-functioning work of all participants and authorized government bodies to ensure full practical implementation of the provisions of the foreign economic strategy of the Russian Federation as a fundamental factor in the effectiveness of social Economic development of the country in the conditions of global uncertainty and its optimal integration into the global economy.

The article focuses on possibility and necessity of creating favorable conditions for the learning activities, among which is ensuring psychological and emotional well-being of students. In the creation of these conditions, the decisive role belongs to the teacher, his skill and creative search, the techniques and methods of educational technology for the psychoregulation of higher education. The characteristic features of methods that affect emotional state of students and enhance their reserve capabilities and performance are described. It is proposed to introduce a pause of relaxation in the classroom with the use of audiovisual method and auto-training. The article justifies the need for further research aimed to determine the optimal mode for the pause of relaxation, its content and duration, in the educational process of the higher school.

The article analyzes the volume and structural features of English- and Russian-language abstracts.There are following: following components of the article introduction methods, results and conclusion. The article begins with the analysis of the definitions of the term “abstract” and its function. The paper gives examples of abstracts, analyzes their length and structure The special attention is given to the ways of abstract translation from Russian into English. The article concludes that when writing abstracts one should take into account lexical, grammatical, and stylistic requirements set in the academic community. The English language abstract is not a word by word translation from its Russian language version, but Russian language abstract is the basis of the English version.

The application of various strategies in learning in foreign language in technical colleges is found necessary when it concerns different phsycological types of learners. Extraverts and introverts should be treated differently while being involved in the process of checking up the explained grammar or lexical material. The illustrative material shows possibilities of making both extraverts and introverts active during the lessons.

In obedience to FSES HE object the "Physical culture" sent to forming for the students of institutions of higher learning of competenses important for their spiritual, physical and psychical health, for an achievement by them due level of physical preparedness in everyday and professional activity. The estimation of competenses requires the permanent co-operating of teacher with a student, that especially topically at the in internal-absentia form of educating. Such co-operation of teacher and student is important and on discipline the "Physical culture", where studies are held in form theoretical and methodical and practical employments. One of forms of such co-operation, and also the form of educational-research work is implementation by the students of abstract works on discipline the "Physical culture" under the direction of highly skilled teachers. For this purpose on the department of physical education MADI in accordance with the requirements of curriculum and program of this educational discipline the vast subjects of abstract works are worked out for the students of in internal-absentia form of educating. The subjects of reports are made in accordance with the requirements of curriculum and program of this educational discipline. On the basis of generalization of experience with the students of in internal-absentia form of educating of MADI, own experience of research work the most widespread errors assumed by students at implementation of abstract works are examined in the article, the substantive provisions of correct organization of this work are summarized.

On the department of physical education of MADI annually and during many years researches of level of bodily condition are conducted and physical to preparedness of students. For this purpose methodology is used express of testing and estimation, worked out G.L. Apanasenco, S.А. Dushaninum, L.J. Ivashenco, Е.А. Pirogova. By a pie to and other However a calculation and analysis of the got results of research by hand occupied plenty of time and was a labour intensive enough process. CAS of estimations and analysis of bodily condition of students of MADI students can use that independently and by means of teacher was therefore worked out. The program also in the automatic mode gives out the worked out recommendations on the correction of the got indexes of bodily condition and physical preparedness of students. In totality with the added methodical pointing it allows more effectively to build independent employments to the students, and to the teachers group lessons.

The article analyzes and summarizes the main provisions of the legislation and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation on training and education of the population in the field of life safety, formulated the problems of developing a life safety culture and a generalized definition of the concept of a holistic terminology “Life Safety Culture”. The main objects and levels of formation of a culture of life safety are identified. The main goals, objectives and features of the formation of a culture of life safety at the individual, collective and public-state levels are formulated, the content structure and the basic principles of the development of the life safety system of a person, society and the state are defined. For the first time, a common methodology and an organizational and methodological approach to building a culture of life safety in the system of military education for students of higher education in the Russian Federation have been substantiated and developed, the implementation of which can be ensured based on the passage of the military life safety culture of military personnel by students of military training centers enhancement of the directed educational influence on their individual and group consciousness in order to increase the mo novation in the formulation and development of future military specialists needs to strictly conscious and voluntary execution of the aggregate set of legal documents requirements, regulations and safety rules of military service in all aspects and conditions of functioning of the military officer.

The article also considers the impact of accelerating scientific and technological progress on human life. Researchers call the pursuit of technical change to infinity a "singularity". What awaits humanity beyond the limits of the future, what changes humanity as a species will be able to accept, and what changes it itself. The author identifies several possible ways of the future development of civilization: human change as a species, replacing it with artificial intelligence and intermediate forms. The author believes that in any case, man is responsible for the behavior of "smart machines" and that man needs to think about the consequences of human interaction with artificial intelligence. The important role of "eternal" ethical and philosophical issues is formulated, especially in times of changes: information "boom", the emergence of new types of robots, the acceleration of life, etc. in Addition, the author reveals the features of the modern state of civilization as a borderline and shows the aggravation of problems associated with the emergence of "non-human" areas, subject only to machines. A natural result of the study was the conclusion that if we do not find a rational solution to the issue of human-artificial intelligence interaction, the solution can become irrational, leading to chaos.

Throughout its history man has sought to highlight the cultural, i.e. social, radiologicheskii in the spiritual and practical activity, of the natural, thereby fixing the self-awareness, self-knowledge, self-est. The article deals with the process of spiritual and practical activity of a person as a subject of cultural activity. In the tradition of Russian cultural and philosophical thought the subject is focused on unity. Accordingly, human cultural activity implies a universal transformation in the history of mankind. In Western theoretical thought from the end of the twentieth century formed a synergistic worldview, namely, idisciplinary synthesis and suggesting to consider the evolutionary process as a universal historical. As a result, the concept of "Universal history" arises, in which the history of culture is considered as an evolutionary process in the form of the free movement of impersonal singularities that enter into a relationship of differentiation, generating diversity. Singularity – a concept that expresses the processality of human culture as a historical process, can be postulated as a form of phenomenon, as a form of event, as real or ideal phenomenal. The activation of singularities is manifested in cultural events that are multilogical, one singularity is superimposed on another, as a result, simultaneously and arbitrarily actualized several meanings. Mathematical analysis of the cultural and historical process suggests that humanity is acquiring a new type of historicity, which today can not be attributed.

The article deals with the current topic of manipulation in politics. The author makes scientific analysis of this phenomenon and tells about identify hidden mechanisms of manipulation, classification of manipulation and study the impact of manipulation on the values and behavior of people. For the first time the manipulations of cause-and-effect relations are considered, including the well-known experiment "universe 25". These manipulations are aimed at influencing the values of a person and cause the belief in the impossibility of social transformations aimed at significantly improving the quality of life and social relations. The author is convinced that the study of manipulation by the scientific community, and further teaching the ability to resist manipulation will make the population less susceptible to political manipulation and more free in their political choice. The author believes that manipulation in politics is, on the one hand, a serious scientific problem, and, on the other hand, a topic of interest in politicized groups of social networks, as well as a frequent subject of popular science materials. Political manipulation affects the value worldview of people and their behavior, the problems of manipulation in politics is closely related to a larger range of other political problems.

Тhe Article is devoted to the historical and philosophical analysis of the Cartesian school, the directions of development of the philosophy of Rene Descartes and his followers from different countries of Europe. The article analyzes the changes were made with the concepts of Descartes in the seventeenth century, and also the changes and additions, the interdependence of subsequent philosophical trends from Cartesianism. The article deals with the principle of participation in the philosophy of Descartes of almost all philosophers of Europe of this time: Gassendi, Pascal, Malbranche, french theologians and philosophers from England, Italy and Germany. The article considers the use of some aspects of rationalism in empirical schools, for example, in Malbranche's occasionalism. The main question of philosophy – the problem of the ratio of material and spiritual substances, according to the author, can be traced through the main works of philosophers of the 17th century.

Significant scientific achievements and philosophical studies in the end of the 20th century and the first quarter of the 21st century posed the problem of understanding previous ideas from the position of becoming non-classical and post-non-classical science and a new picture of the world, the characteristic features of which are the idea of global evolutionism and anthropic principle, as well as a revision of the role of reason, cognitive ideals, rationality and irrationality of scientific concepts, philosophies, problems of the development of social systems, the value of valuable landmarks, as well as the prospects for the development of human civilization in conditions of extremely rapid, revolutionary changes and global disasters.

Article represents the original analysis of social and psychological and communicative aspects of fundamentalist attitude through a prism of classical psychoanalytic approach. The thesis that it a psychological basis of fundamentalist attitude is the deep imaginations of purity and unity forming communication space with other members of community is proved. Personal growth of the fundamentalist is slowed down by return to infantile feeling of a unification of the child with mother, and the autonomous thinking and self-perception based on a reflection and criticism, first of all self-criticism is braked by infantile consciousness. The fundamentalist attitude, thus, is related a classical psychoanalytic infantile reduction.