Test benches for internal combustion engines (ICE) are expensive equipment. Therefore, rather than purchasing a new stand, it is sometimes more cost-effective to modernize existing equipment. Moreover, currently, many testing stations and laboratories still use Vsetin- manufactured stands from previous generations, which can be readily modernized with modern control, measurement, and automation equipment. The aim is to improve the efficiency of ICE testing through automation. The upgraded test bench is then tested by measuring the thermal energy balance of the spark-ignition ICE. To achieve this goal, the following components were installed: modern measuring instruments, a programmable logic controller (PLC), and a SCADA-equipped computer. The results obtained make it possible to reduce the time for testing, increase the reliability of the results, and switch to more modern methods of data collection and processing.

This article explores the prospects of using hydrogen as an environmentally friendly fuel for spark-ignition (SI) engines. Based on a comprehensive literature review, a comparative analysis between hydrogen-powered and gasoline-fueled internal combustion engines (ICE) was conducted. The study identifies hydrogen's advantages in terms of power output and brake mean effective pressure (BMEP), achieved by increasing the compression ratio to 14.5:1. This is attributed to hydrogen's high auto-ignition temperature (858°C) and its exceptional heating value, which is nearly three times that of gasoline (120 MJ/kg versus 44 MJ/kg). The analysis reveals a higher exergy efficiency for the hydrogen engine (69.40% compared to 60.49%) due to reduced irreversibility. The paper systematizes primary approaches for adapting existing ICEs to hydrogen fuel, including partial gasoline substitution, full hydrogen conversion, and fuel delivery methods (direct and manifold injection). Particular emphasis is placed on analyzing combustion anomalies, such as detonation and pre-ignition, occurring during hydrogen operation, alongside the benefits of utilizing lean mixtures for their mitigation. A Toyota patent proposing water injection to minimize nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions and optimize thermodynamic efficiency is examined. Furthermore, the study provides a detailed analysis of two hydrogen engine configurations equipped with exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) systems. Finally, the fundamental architecture of an experimental setup designed for bench testing is presented.

The use of alternative fuels is one of the ways to reduce the noise of an internal combustion engine. The article examines the effect of rapeseed oil methyl ester (MERM) on the structure-borne noise from the working process, economic and environmental performance of 4-cylinder diesel. The results of studies of diesel noise when running on diesel fuel, pure MERM (B100 RME) and mixed fuels from 80% MERM and 20% DT (B80 RME), as well as from 20% MERM and 80% DT (B20 RME) are presented. The results of the study showed that noise decreases with increasing concentration of MERM in a mixture with diesel fuel, and the greatest effect (16.3 dB) is achieved when diesel is running on B100 fuel, but at the same time the economic and environmental performance of the engine deteriorates. According to the complex of engine parameters, it is most advisable to use fuel in the B80 RME range.

Currently, the Russian Federation is actively working to reduce its dependence on imported components in all sectors of the national economy. In particular, the dependence on imported components and technologies in the piston engine manufacturing industry. One of the most important components in ensuring the proper functioning of the cylinder-piston group is the piston rings. These rings provide a reliable seal between the combustion chamber and the crankcase. The authors have shown that the methods of calculating the shape of rings in a free state, known from the open literature, have significant errors that affect the quality of their manufacture and the efficiency of their operation during the operation of the power unit. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to find ways to improve the accuracy of calculating the shape of piston rings in a free state, in order to develop technical solutions and suggestions for manufacturers of piston rings for internal combustion engines.The upper piston ring of the KAMAZ-740 engine was selected as the object of research. In this work, the authors propose some ways to improve the accuracy of calculations, which have a positive effect on the efficiency of sealing the combustion chamber of a piston internal combustion engine.

A significant proportion of equipment failures and downtime is associated with the wear of friction pairs in tribological assemblies. Under conditions of increasing loads, speeds, and service life requirements, traditional materials often fail to meet modern demands. The relevance of the research is driven by the need to increase the service life of industrial equipment, reduce operating costs, and minimize unplanned downtime caused by the wear of critical components. A comprehensive analysis of modern methods for upgrading materials used in the wearing elements of machines and mechanisms is presented, such as chemical-thermal treatment (CTT), surfacing, spraying, and the use of special materials.

Technical vision systems are actively used in automotive transport. The development of this area leads to an increase in the number of onboard cameras installed on vehicles. Using various image analysis algorithms and neural networks, it is possible to obtain information about the vehicle's surroundings and the properties of nearby objects. An important feature is the positioning of objects in space and the determination of their distance. These functions are used to determine a safe distance and to create an optimal vehicle trajectory in a given space. This article discusses various methods of image analysis for use in car assistance systems or even in self-driving cars.

Airfield snowplows are equipment that ensures safety and, in principle, the possibility of passenger and cargo transportation by air in winter. Such equipment has a very high productivity, due to the specifics of air transport. The runway take-off and landing schedule is planned minute by minute. Therefore, high-speed cleaning of the runway from snow makes it possible to minimize time and money losses. Due to the high requirements for airfield snowplows, the authors of the article compared existing models of equipment according to the main parameters, and selected the most rational ones. The article provides descriptions of the considered models of airfield snowplows with design features that increase the competitiveness of equipment in the market, as well as illustrations of each machine, complementing the explanations provided. Conclusions are drawn about the work done, reflecting the achieved goal and the usefulness of the article for a potential buyer of this type of equipment.

The effectiveness of the entire waste management system is largely determined by the correct organization of its initial stages, such as the accumulation and transportation of municipal solid waste (MSW). These processes play a crucial role in determining environmental risks, overall financial costs, and the potential for resource recycling. The key to successful recycling is the implementation of selective (separate) collection. Therefore, improving the specialized equipment used for separate collection, such as waste collection vehicles, to enhance their efficiency and profitability is a pressing task for municipal services. This paper explores the technologies of compaction of metal-containing waste fractions, including a promising method that is planned to be implemented in the design of new garbage trucks. The use of translational-rotational impact allows for achieving higher density of metal scrap pressing and reducing its residual elasticity compared to.

The use of harvesters in logging operations is widespread today. This significantly increases logging productivity compared to manual felling. Selecting the most suitable harvester for the task is key to successfully completing the work on time. This article describes the harvester models under consideration, featuring design features that enhance their competitiveness in the marketplace, as well as illustrations of each machine to complement the explanations provided. The authors analyzed the performance characteristics of several existing harvester models and selected the most suitable for various operating conditions. Conclusions are drawn, highlighting the objectives achieved and the article's usefulness for potential buyers of this type of equipment.

The article is devoted to assessing urban infrastructure for the movement of personal mobility devices (PMDs) using the city of Belgorod as a case study. The paper presents the results of an analysis of the city's central area, which enabled a quantitative assessment of the length of routes available for three transport categories: public transport, private motor vehicles, and PMDs. The study revealed that PMDs have access to the most extensive network of movement routes, including sidewalks, pedestrian paths, and bicycle lanes. The dynamics of PMD usage were examined across three city districts-northern, central, and southern-by day of the week and time intervals (morning, afternoon, evening). Based on field experiments, the widespread use of PMDs for trips up to 5 km (last-mile transport) was confirmed, with approximately 2,500 shared PMD units operating in the city supported by a distributed network of charging stations. The findings demonstrate the high transport potential of PMDs and their significant role in shaping sustainable and accessible urban mobility.

Increasing road safety requirements, along with the growing thermal and mechanical loads on braking system components, highlight the need for an in-depth study of the friction and wear processes of brake pads. The composition of the friction layer plays a decisive role in determining the friction coefficient, the stability of operational characteristics, and the wear intensity, particularly under elevated temperatures and variable loading conditions. The aim of this study is to analyze the influence of various components of the brake pad friction layer on their tribological and thermal properties, as well as to establish scientific foundations for optimizing material composition in terms of braking efficiency, durability, and thermal resistance. The work focuses on identifying the regularities governing changes in the friction coefficient, wear, and thermal processes in the contact zone when using different types of friction materials.

During operation, machine body parts are subject to wear and defects. Traditional restoration methods are often difficult to perform or not always available in the field, and replacing parts with a new one is economically costly. In this regard, the search and evaluation of the effectiveness of alternative repair technologies, such as the use of polymer composite materials (PCM), is relevant.  The article calculates the technical and economic efficiency of using PCM in the repair of machine body parts. The efficiency calculation was carried out using the example of repairing a 20 mm long crack in the fuel tank of a KamAZ-5320 car. Several restoration methods were compared: traditional welding (welding), Seal-Lock technology, repair using PCM (epoxy-sand composites) in a repair facility and in the field, as well as complete replacement of the damaged part with a new one. Using PCM to repair body parts is a more cost-effective solution than welding or buying a new part. In addition to cost reduction, the key advantage of this method is its mobility and technological accessibility (the possibility of field repairs).

The article addresses the problem of improving the efficiency of urban scheduled passenger transport in the Republic of Belarus. The author identifies a key contradiction between the indicators of cost recovery (which depends on the capacity utilization of route vehicles) and service quality (determined by service intervals). As a solution, a transition from traditional route-based planning to a multi-route method of organizing vehicle operations is proposed. The main content of the work consists of a description of a designed intelligent multi-route planning system operating in a closed cycle: collection of data on passenger flows and external factors, forecasting passenger load intensity on trips, and, based on this forecast, constructing optimal daily assignments for the fleet of route vehicles. This system allows one vehicle to serve several routes during a shift. The results of a comparative analysis are presented, demonstrating a 5.1% reduction in operating costs for route vehicles due to an increased passenger load factor, which ensures a payback period for implementing such a system of approximately three years.

This article substantiates the concept of probabilistic-statistical analysis of road accidents as a methodological basis for improving the effectiveness of ITS in terms of accident prevention and supporting management decisions. An analysis of the current state of domestic ITS systems revealed key limitations: fragmented data, the lack of a unified format for interaction between information sources, and the dominance of single-factor statistics in accident analysis. An approach based on the use of contingency tables, the assessment of conditional probabilities, and statistical hypothesis testing is proposed. This approach enables the identification of hidden spatiotemporal accident patterns. The architecture of an integrated analytical subsystem is described, corresponding to the principles of the state standard: a preventive focus, the integration of heterogeneous data, scientific validity, and a user-centric approach. It is shown that the proposed concept does not require the creation of new hardware infrastructure but rather involves a methodological restructuring of existing analysis processes based on available data sets, making it technologically and economically feasible within the conditions of the modern Russian transport infrastructure.

The article addresses pressing issues related to the use of machine learning and artificial intelligence methods in the design, deployment, and development of intelligent transport systems (ITS) in the Russian Federation, which are currently being implemented within the framework of the national project “Infrastructure for Life.” Particular attention is paid to the monitoring and traffic flow control tools currently in use, which constitute an integral part of such systems and ensure the achievement of their goals and objectives. The traditional toolkit for building intelligent transport systems, based on scenario-driven and local adaptive control of traffic signal controllers, makes it possible to obtain certain positive effects by reacting to emerging changes in parameters. However, the most promising is an approach based on predictive control of traffic flow parameters using network-wide adaptive control. This approach models the complex interdependencies between internal and external factors influencing traffic flows and the dynamics of the traffic situation. Models based on real traffic flow parameters make it possible to identify and estimate the probabilities of changes in these parameters, for example, to forecast the occurrence of congestion at a specific location and at a specific time. A predictive control approach, implemented as part of the enhancement of the functional capabilities of intelligent transport systems, will provide additional positive socio-economic effects for all road users.

The article explores the diversification of freight flows as a tool for managing logistics risks under uncertainty. An analysis of the evolution of theoretical approaches to risk management is carried out, and the place of diversification among specialized instruments is determined. The author's definition of the concept "diversification of freight flows" is formulated, a detailed classification of its types is proposed, and the key risks of logistics activities are systematized. The mechanisms through which various types of diversification help mitigate the consequences of risk events are shown. A target function for optimizing the diversification level and a coefficient for assessing its efficiency are introduced, illustrated with a conditional calculation. The obtained results are intended for practical application in designing resilient logistics systems and improving the reliability of cargo transportation. The proposed framework can be applied by transport companies when formulating development strategies and anti-crisis measures.

The article analyzes approaches to agent typification in multi-agent models in the context of combined transportation. The role-based, functional-architectural, behavioral approaches and the approach based on digital twins are considered. The necessity of hybrid classification taking into account business roles, functional purpose, level of autonomy, form of representation and level of decisions made is revealed. A typological matrix of agents is proposed, which makes it possible to formalize the composition of a multi-agent model at the design stage. The matrix can serve as a basis for the development of applied software solutions in logistics. The results of the study can be used in the creation of hybrid multi-agent systems combining physical and virtual components, which is especially relevant for the digital transformation of the logistics industry. The proposed approach can significantly increase the efficiency of logistics process management through decentralization and adaptability.

The article examines modern logistic platforms for carriers as a key tool for digitalization of the transport industry. An analysis of the essence and classification of logistic platforms was conducted, their main functions and capabilities for carriers were identified. The advantages of using digital platforms were considered, including route optimization, cost reduction, and increased transparency of transportation processes. Problems and risks faced by carriers when implementing platform solutions were identified. Prospects for the development of logistic platforms in the Russian Federation were formulated. The methodological basis of the study included systems analysis, comparative method and generalization of practical experience.

The mass adoption of unmanned vehicles represents one of the key technological transformations of our time, however, there is a significant gap between technological capabilities and the readiness of infrastructure for their integration into the transport systems of various countries. The purpose of the work is to conduct a systematic analysis of the current state of research in the field of assessing infrastructural readiness for the introduction of unmanned vehicles, identifying key factors, methodological approaches and regional features. The method of systematic literary review was applied with the analysis of more than fifty sources for the period 2014-2025, including scientific publications, regulatory documents and analytical materials. The methodology of content analysis is used to identify the main thematic areas and classify approaches to assessing readiness. Four main areas of research have been identified: technical and infrastructural, regulatory, socio-economic and technological. It has been established that most assessment methods are based on a multi-criteria analysis with weighting coefficients. Significant regional differences in approaches and implementation priorities have been identified. Despite significant progress in self-driving transport technologies, infrastructure readiness remains a critical barrier to mass adoption, requiring a comprehensive interdisciplinary approach and differentiated strategies for different regions.

The article discusses the issues of public debt and international reserves as key indicators and tools for ensuring budgetary sustainability and external solvency. It analyzes the dynamics, structure, and indicators of Russia's public debt and foreign currency reserves in 2021-2025. The article concludes that the financial stability ratios demonstrate a high level of economic security. It shows that the synergistic effect of low debt and high reserves is essential for implementing independent economic policies. A comparative analysis of the macroeconomic indicators of Russia, the United States, China, and Saudi Arabia was conducted to identify the unique features and effectiveness of the Russian economic model. The characteristics of the financial stability architecture by country were presented. The article discusses the dilemma that arises when determining the role of public debt and foreign exchange reserves in ensuring macroeconomic stability. The study concluded that macroeconomic policies based on debt discipline and the accumulation of international reserves have proven effective in ensuring sustainable stability in the face of geopolitical uncertainty.

Non-specialized physical education is an important and integral component of the higher education system and the basis of professional and applied physical training. The article analyzes their relationship and interaction through the lens of the automobile sports section of the Department of Physical Education at MADI. The main educational aspects of this interaction are analyzed, and the inseparable connection between physical fitness and future professional activities of students is demonstrated. It is concluded that strengthening the relationship between NFO, PPPF, and motorsport, with an emphasis on developing professionally significant qualities, allows for a significant expansion of the traditional approach to physical education for students and ensures the most complete alignment with the needs of real-world production practices.

Education humanization caused by changes in cultural and economic development of the whole society requires the change in paradigms. Such categories as education organizing strategy and direct educational process themselves give a new scale for researching pedagogical substance; new units that comprise the entirety of substance and conditions (external and internal) for personality development directly in the educational process are emerging. Tutoring is a historically formed special pedagogical standpoint that ensures students individual educational program development and provides the process of individual education in the institution of higher education.

The article examines the specifics of interaction between a technical university and industrial partners using the MADI University career fair as a case study. The results of a survey and a content analysis of 51 participant essays are analyzed; key factors determining the event’s effectiveness were identified: the need to hold career fairs, internship placement, building individualized professional careers, and an emphasis on digital competencies. The advantages of practice‑oriented education are described – from creating a personnel reserve to integrating students into corporate culture – and problems are noted (overcrowded venue, insufficient time for in‑depth conversations, and the risk of «talent poaching»). The role of the regulatory framework and state programs (including «Personnel for the Digital Economy» and «Priority-2030») in developing industrial partnership is highlighted. Recommendations are made for improving the organization of career fairs and strengthening the digital orientation of training for future engineers in the transport and logistics sector.