The article presents a comparative analysis of statistical data on road accidents involving motorcycles and automobiles;on its basis the quantity of deaths per 100 million km. It is founded that motorcyclists die on public roads much more often. The need identified to improve the safety of the motorcycle, especially active safety. The perspective way of increase of active safety of a motorcycle is offered. Developed a system against the separation of the rear wheel of the motorcycle from the road surface during emergency braking.The main elements of this system are wheel speed sensors, IMU, electronic control unit and actuating mechanisms.

The limited hydrocarbon fuel, as well as the problems of air pollution, are the main factors stimulating the development of vehicles with alternative energy sources. Hybrid electric vehicles are able to meet future requirements for environmental safety and energy efficiency. However, the hybrid power plant, in comparison with the power plant of a conventional vehicle, is a more complex system, both in terms of equipment composition and in operation algorithms. Characterization of the main components of the power plant, effective modes and algorithms for the operation of the latter is the task of multi-criteria optimization. This article discusses the possibility of an integrated assessment of the adoption of technical decisions in the design and comparison of complex vehicles based on the vector criterion distance model, which takes into account a significant number of particular indicators. The coefficients of valuation and the importance of individual interdependent particular criteria, determined on the basis of the information contained in the set of selected particular criteria, are proposed.

Sections of the theory of driver reliability, studying the psycho-physiological state, fatigue, resistance to stress in critical situations, are well studied. However, unduly little attention is paid to such an aspect as mental tension caused by various frustrations. When studying the behavior of participants in the traffic flow, they do not take into account that even experienced drivers with a stable psyche and well-equipped personal life in the management process are subject to various frustrations directly related to their professional activities. It is frustration that causes reactionary, aggressive and inappropriate behavior of drivers and pedestrians. The ability to resist frustration depends, first of all, on the psychological type, level of culture and self-discipline of a person. The article formulates the main causes of frustration in drivers, the consequences and possible measures to prevent them. The author has compiled a new classification by type of tension.

The article analyzes the system of passenger transportation, as well as the road network of the coastal city of Latakia. To illustrate how the city has evolved over the past 50 years, information is provided on population growth and its geographical boundaries. The features of this city that affect the way of life of people living in it, moving between different points of the city located in this city are described. The characteristic of technological processes of passenger transport and information about the types of used rolling stock (buses, minibusses, taxis) is given. The problems associated with the road network, which directly affect the technology of passenger transportation. The article shows the shortcomings in the management of the rolling stock of urban public transport, which exist for many years. Based on the analysis of the problems of passenger transport, the authors present the real situation in the system of passenger transportation and their vision of solving the problem of eliminating the stagnation in the system of passenger transportation of the city of Latakia.

The analysis of traffic accidents shows that unmanned vehicles should be equipped with a preventive motion control system (PMCS). The authors have set themselves the task of analyzing the existing standards governing the design, manufacture, certification and operation of vehicles with respect to their control systems in order to identify problem areas and form the direction of further activities to form the legal framework for the PMCS. The article describes the stages of development of technical requirements for wheeled vehicles. The principles of standardization are listed, in particular, the voluntary application, the balance of interests, the effectiveness, the clarity of formulations, the application of an international standard as the basis for the development of a national standard, harmonization, integration, uniform application of standards, advanced development of the standard, the inadmissibility of creating obstacles to production and circulation of products, flexibility. To improve and further develop the right field for the PMCS, the authors propose to connect all requirements in a single master document from which to make references to the tree of regulatory documents, to participate in the creation of a Russian version of the UNECE Regulations, to develop own methods, taking into account the specifics of domestic weather conditions, and promote them internationally.

On the basis of MADI, a project of an album of typical structures of flexible pavements for federal highways was first developed. The work was performed in the framework of research and development on the request of the Russian Road Agency (Rosavtodor). The design was carried out taking into account modern efficient road-building materials based on advanced domestic and foreign experience. Typical pavements will allow to avoid errors in the design and ensure their effective operation within the standard service life. Typical pavement structures are divided depending on the road-climatic zone, road category, number of lanes, type of soil of the working layer of the roadbed, as well as the class of traffic density of the road. In this article, the concept of the class of cargo density is given, the dimensions of the given daily traffic flow intensity are given in conjunction with the class of density of the roads. An example of typical constructions of flexible pavements of federal highways is given.

The article is devoted to the actual topic of ensuring reliable trouble-free operation of aerodrome engineering networks and is based on the results of the author’s research. The absence of studies to assess the suitability of new materials and products for aerodromes construction does not allow to ensure long-term operation of aerodrome engineering networks under the influence of aerodrome loads. The article presents the results of assessing the strength of three types of polymer pipes. The values for pipe laying at different depths. Recommendations on use of polymer pipes for aerodrome engineering systems are given.

The article deals with the current state and prospects of development of the urban system of bikesharing Moscow.The facts show that this system has been developing successfully for four years. However, until now there were no clear principles and criteria for the selection of locations for new Cycling stations. Therefore, this article developed and justified the principles and methodology that should be followed in this process. These principles are aimed at solving four main problems facing the Moscow Cycling system. The methodology consists in field studies in order to find the best place to place a particular station and in the subsequent work with cartographic material. The article also substantiates the criteria for the placement of new Cycling stations, taking into account the people’s transport needs. For this purpose, it is proposed to use a special composite criterion for optimal station placement. The effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed by calculation.

The relevance of this article is due not only to the solution of technological problems in the field of transportation of passengers, traffic management, but also to the issues of interpersonal social interaction. Modern research shows that in The Russian legislation in the field of passenger transport is a multi-level system of normative legal acts, the elements of which are different objects of regulation, however, the criteria for regulating the movement of vehicles depending on the occupancy of passengers so far in the Russian Federation are not applied. The article deals with the international experience of the restriction or termination of traffic in the operation of road transport without passengers. Was identified shortcomings of existing control systems for filling vehicles. The authors propose a number of criteria to limit (prohibit) the movement of vehicles with different occupancy of passengers. The solution to the above problem is achieved through the use of appropriate means of traffic management and differentiated charges for road traffic.

The article summarizes the categorical concept of unemployment, Investigated, substantiated and clearly reveals the essence of its occurrence, which is a consequence of the excess of the various emerging in the enterprise (company) or in the industry the circumstances of labor supply over its demand in the labor market. The approaches of the representatives of the main economic exercises to substantiate and explain the causes of unemployment and ways of its regulation, including self-regulation, are analyzed and systematized. The essence and mechanisms of origin and existence of frictional, structural, cyclical, institutional and other numerous types of unemployment, the main indicators of its condition – the level and average duration of unemployment are considered and schematically displayed. Given the economy is formulated in a mathematical expression to determine the level of unemployment and Okun's law A. to determine potential losses of produced goods, performed works and rendered services in terms of increasing unemployment. Given official statistics status and dynamics of unemployment in the Russian Federation for the period 2010–2015 sets out a wide range of negative economic, social, political and other consequences of unemployment, contributing to the most urgent need of the implementation of its international and state regulation. The fundamental provisions of the universal Declaration of human rights and conventions of the international labour organization (ILO) on the right of everyone to work, to free choice of employment, to just and favourable conditions of work and to protection against unemployment are described. The main directions of implementation of the state policy of the Russian Federation in the field of promotion of employment of the population within which creation and functioning of the uniform system of the state organizational and legal regulation of all forms, types and types of unemployment, and also implementation of state regulation of the labor market are provided are considered and generalized. The conclusions summarize the results of the study of the mechanism and causes of unemployment in the current market economy and the main international and national approaches to the implementation of its systemic regulation.

The article defines the role and place of international trade in the world economy, the main stages of its development. The content and routes of the organization and conduct of international trade between the States of the ancient world. The General theoretical bases, the basic forms, methods of the organization of modern international trade, the operations performed in it, the main approaches to formation of the international price trade policy, structural and qualitative changes of its contents, the main characteristics and features of functioning of modern system of international trade are stated. The main indicators used in the system of international trade, including world trade as a set of foreign trade turnover of all countries of the world community, the structure and level of specialization of international trade, foreign trade quotas, trade balance, etc. on The basis of statistical data of the world trade organization (WTO), official data of Rosstat, the Federal customs service and the Bank of Russia are summarized practical results of international trade, as well as foreign trade of the Russian Federation, achieved in 2016–2017. The main problems of foreign trade activity of the Russian Federation are formulated, the main directions of the solution of these problems in the course of implementation of strategic tasks of development of the country for the period till 2024 established by the decree of the President of the Russian Federation of 7th 2018 No. 204 are resulted. The main issues of international and state regulation of international trade carried out with the use of international agreements, as well as tariff and non-tariff regulation methods, which are an integral part of the implementation of the legislation of the Russian Federation on the regulation of foreign trade, as well as trade policy of the Russian Federation, are considered. The purpose, objectives, principles, main functions and activities of the world trade organization (WTO) are presented. The conclusions summarize the results of studies showing the fundamental impact of international trade on the whole set of socio-economic and socio-political attitude of the States of the world community, the need to implement its permanent legal, methodological and organizational international and state regulation.

The article considers innovations as the main factor of the socio-economic development of the national economy. Particular attention is paid to innovation processes in the transport industry, the existing definitions of the concept of innovation and innovation in the transport industry. The examples of the introduction of innovative technologies on trucks are given. The positive aspects of the impact of innovative technologies on the efficiency of freight transportation are noted. Analyzed the impact of innovation processes on the development of transport. Considering innovations from the point of view of economics, it should be noted that economic development has a certain dialectic nature, it is shaped by the improvement of scientific and technological progress, but also its result leads to an increase in technological development. It was concluded that innovative technologies, including digital, are the main tools with which to modernize the transport industry. One of the factors of this relationship is that Russia has vast territories and transport services covering the entire territory of the country.

The article deals with modern instruments of state regulation of innovative activity, the influence of the banking sector on the economy, the mechanisms of improving the monetary policy of the Russian Federation. The main indicators of the efficiency of monetary policy, which contribute to macroeconomic stability. The role of monetary regulation of the economy is formulated. In addition, the authors assess the current state of innovative development of Russia as a component of the global economic community and identify problems that impede the effective implementation of monetary policy. The main monetary instruments to stimulate investment activity in innovative sectors of the Russian economy are identified and the features of inflation targeting and interest rate regulation are identified. A natural result of the study was the conclusion that the reform of the monetary policy instruments of the state will correct the problems of the evolution of the banking sector and the monetary sector of the economy. Based on this, the Bank of Russia needs to pursue a neutral monetary policy, which will not respond to fluctuations in the ruble exchange rate and changes in oil prices, therefore, will contribute to the regulation of the money supply in the country and stimulate investment in the economy in the field of innovative industries.

The article considers the modern parameters of development of enterprises of metallurgical complex of the Russian Federation, determining the prospects of their competitiveness in the world market of non-ferrous metals. The role of the metallurgical complex is indicated, the market segments by types of metals and their impact on the economy are determined. The dynamics of prices on non-ferrous metals markets, as well as macroeconomic indicators are analyzed.

Identified strengths in the work of metallurgical enterprises: production growth; stability of the macroeconomic environment; market capacity; introduction of modern technologies. Besides, negative determinants of their activity are defined: wear of technical equipment; localization of reserves of raw resources; underutilization of production capacities; shortage of qualified personnel.

The vector of the direction of development and improvement of metallurgy is specified. The logical result of the study was the conclusion that the enterprises of the metallurgical complex of the Russian Federation need to increase production efficiency by increasing the capacity of individual units; improve the quality of steel products; implement technological modernization; form technological clusters that realize the production potential of metallurgy and improve the technological uniformity of production.

The article is devoted to the system of factors and criteria indicators necessary to assess the economic efficiency of the use of construction machines and the solution of relevant optimization problems.

The article, in particular, analyzes the possible criteria for the efficiency of construction equipment (net present value, profitability, unit costs, discounted costs), indicates the scope of their application, reveals the factors (technical, organizational, climatic, economic) that affect the productivity and cost of use of machines, as well as the overall efficiency of the equipment. Provides an overview of the individual works performed in recent years and affecting certain aspects of the performance of construction machinery. The importance of professional standards of the profession "Machinist" (by types of construction machines) is pointed out. Emphasized the need for a differentiated consideration of the terms of the lease agreements and leasing.

At the end of the article it is concluded that it is necessary to conduct a quantitative analysis of the influence of certain factors on the values of criteria indicators.

The article shows the role and place of the system of military training of students in the organization of the country's defense, summarizes the features of the evolutionary development of the system in the prewar period, associated with its numerous transformations. The structural organization of the modern system consisting of two subsystems deployed in the higher education of the Russian Federation is given, providing respectively training in the military training centers of higher education educational institutions for officers to meet the current personnel needs of the country's military organization, as well as training officers, sergeants ) and the stockpile soldier (sailor) to accumulate the mobilization manpower required during wartime; in the military departments of organizations assigned to them a list of military specialties. The main advantages and disadvantages of this system, the essence of the innovative approach to its qualitative improvement for the near and medium term are outlined. The content of the organization of the military training system as a basic management function is disclosed. A study was conducted of the main problems of the organizational and legal aspects of the system, associated with its numerous structural changes destabilizing, not using the potential of the sphere of secondary vocational education and the lack of inter-university military departments, imperfect educational base of military departments, as well as issues of methodological training of students, organization and order conducting their training training in the troops. The essence and approaches to solving the core problem of the legal spectrum of military training of students related to the failure to issue to graduates of military departments the final document on the military training program – a diploma of professional retraining to a new type of activity in the received military accounting specialty. The conclusions summarize the results of the study, testifying to the need to stabilize the system as the fundamental basis for resolving all the contradictions and problems formed in it, ensuring further qualitative improvement of the scientific, methodological and educational process carried out in it.

The article is devoted to the actual problem of the influence of the socio-political situation in the country, interstate relations on the decision of the leadership to provide military assistance to one of the States, based on the Treaty of friendship and cooperation between them. The problem is investigated on the example of the influence of the socio-political situation in Afghanistan from 1973 to 1978 Revealed the contradictions of Afghan society, the aims and purposes of the confrontation of government and opposition parties. It required an excuse for opposition parties to come forward to overthrow M. Daud and started reforms aimed at the democratic development of Afghan society. The April revolution in 1978 was the result of opposition between the government and the opposition. The contradictions that formed after The April revolution of 1978 and led to the entry of a limited contingent of Soviet troops into the country on April 27, 1979, the reasons and the reason for the Soviet Union's implementation of the Treaty of friendship, good-neighbourliness and cooperation with Afghanistan (1978) are revealed. The article formulates the lessons learned by the Russian society and the state from the events of the April revolution of 1978. The provision by the Soviet Union of financial, material and then military assistance to Afghanistan has revealed the importance of open information to society and the world community about the measures taken by the state, based on the principle of necessity and sufficiency to ensure national interests. Coverage in the media of military operations and the attitude of society to them confirmed the fact that the support of the armed forces by society is a factor of victory and at the same time sustainable formation of value orientations of society. They allow a state to confidently formulate its domestic and foreign policy in accordance with the UN Charter, which provides for the right of any state to request and receive assistance from any other state against aggression. The study of students who are trained in military training programs and cadets of higher military educational institutions of the Afghan experience is extremely important, since the period of formation of the higher military school of the Ministry of defense of Russia will have time to search for young officers reserve and frame their individuality and values.

One of the most important physical qualities defining health and efficiency of the person in any kind of activity is the endurance. Among all physical qualities it is one of the most powerful indicators of assessment of level of a physical state and physical fitness of the person. Along with the speed providing the speed of performance of this or that movement, speed of simple or difficult reaction and, respectively, efficiency and timeliness of performance of labor or other physical actions, development of endurance is one of important problems of professional and applied physical training of automobile and road specialties.

Among huge variety of the physical exercises contributing to the development and improvement of these qualities the most popular and most effective exercises for development of endurance and speed are presented in article on the basis of the analysis the Internet of resources. The basic methodical provisions of development of these physical qualities are given.