The article considers the impact of degradation processes on the load capacity of load-bearing bridge structures in order to assess the residual life of their durability. The nature and rates of corrosion and fatigue wear of structures, as well as the impact of increasing operational vehicle loads on the reduction of load capacity stocks are studied. A probabilistic distribution of the effects of operational automobile loads on bridges is constructed, approximated by the normal law (Gauss distribution). The concept of non-exceedance probability of the limit state is introduced, as the value of exceeding the load capacity of the average operating loads, calculated in average square deviations. The standard value of the non-exceedance probability of the first limit state is selected as a criterion for limiting corrosion wear for the entire life of the bridge. The moment when the actual non-exceedance probability is reduced to the standard level determines the durability resource of the structure. Durability due to fatigue wear is estimated based on the linear theory of fatigue damage accumulation

On the instructions of the State Committee for Transport and Road Facilities of the Republic of Bashkortostan, MADI specialists began the development of an organization standard for standard designs of flexible pavements for regional and intermunicipal highways. As part of the development of this standard, road-climatic zoning of the territory was carried out, which is based on one of the determining climatic parameters for the design of pavements - the depth of soil freezing. The contours of the normative soil freezing depths do not coincide with the boundaries of the climatic regions of the Republic of Bashkortostan according to the design and construction conditions. This is due to the fact that climatic zoning was carried out taking into account a number of the most significant climatic factors for solving technical problems. At the same time, the depth of soil freezing within one climatic region can vary by 2 times, i.e. characterized by significant dispersion. Therefore, it was proposed to identify microdistricts in each climatic region with similar average depths of soil freezing and their subsequent combination according to freezing conditions

Borrowing foreign norms and rules for the design of road building materials and building structures is becoming an increasingly widespread practice in the road industry in Russia. Often, such copying is offered without a good enough reasoning. So recently, there have been more frequent cases with proposals to carry out the calculation of road pavement for strength, providing increased requirements for the mechanical properties of soils of the working part of the subgrade. First of all, this concerns the minimum modulus of elasticity on the surface of the subgrade. As a reference, the requirements usually reflected in the catalogs of typical road pavements of the Federal Republic of Germany are usually given. This issue is highly relevant in connection with the new requirements for the service life of road pavement in our country, which are increased by 1.5 ... 2 times compared with previous standards. The article provides clarifications on the illegality of the formal transfer of standards from the catalog of typical German road pavements for calculating pavement according to the methodology used in Russia.

The experience and prospects of building the largest underwater transport tunnel under the Tatar Strait for the permanent connection of the mainland with the island of Sakhalin are analyzed. The historical aspect of this problem, the current state and prospects are considered. The topographic, engineering-geological, climatic and seismic conditions of the construction area are characterized. Various options for crossing the strait with the construction of a tunnel, bridge and combined tunnel and bridge crossing are given, their main advantages and disadvantages are noted. The design solutions and technological schemes for driving the coastal and underwater sections adopted during the construction of the tunnel in the 40s and 50s of the XX century are considered and the reasons for the termination of construction are noted. The necessity of resuming the construction of the transport passage through the Tatar Strait after careful study and technical and economic comparison of all the options presented is indicated. It is noted that the most effective means of overcoming the strait is an underwater tunnel, which has a number of advantages over a bridge, as evidenced by world experience in the construction and operation of a number of the largest tunnels.

The article is devoted to the study of changes in the amplitude of oscillations at different points in the vehicle interior with a change in the vehicle speed itself. The article contains the graphs of the amplitude and frequency as a function of vehicle speed. This study identified, depending on speed. the most comfortable places (with the smallest amplitude) for car passengers. The article may be useful not only for students studying automobile transport, but also for students of other technical specialties, as well as for everyone who uses cars as passengers.

There are the main disadvantages of an automobile internal combustion engine in the article. The reasons for the decrease in efficiency associated with increased energy losses on the drive of hinged equipment areanalyzed. Identified and justified the need for electrification of engine components and assemblies. The authors propose some ways to improve the efficiency of power units of cars.

The article discusses the most popular computer-aided design systems of the middle class and simulation of calculations (CAD, CAE): their application areas and relevance in the Russian market. The financial comparison of the cost of equipment for one workplace in the enterprise, changes in configuration and cost depending on the tasks of the design engineer or any other user is given. The features of the systems under consideration are noted, based on which their advantages and disadvantages are highlighted in comparison with competing systems for use by students or beginners, as well as for experienced designers and design departments of industrial enterprises. The possibility of using systems and their advantages in the design of road construction equipment, namely excavators, their working bodies, aggregates and other systems, is considered.

The article has developed a mathematical model for determining the rational parameters of a tracked vehicle track by the criterion of minimum metal consumption. For the correct conduct of the computational experiment, the basic assumptions used in the mathematical model are accepted. The schemes of the external load on the track track are proposed and the design schemes of the track as a beam with a distributed load on the ground side and a concentrated load on the side of the track rollers of the caterpillar drive are developed. The internal force factors arising in cross sections that are taken into account when determining the metal consumption of a truck are determined. Comparable typical track track designs have been developed. The paper presents an enlarged algorithm of the mathematical model and determines the investigated geometric parameters of the track track. Constant initial data and variable geometric parameters of the truck, which affect the metal consumption of the truck, are separately highlighted. Based on the results of the computational experiment, we obtained graphs of changes in the metal consumption of the truck depending on the length of the truck, the height of the sole of the truck and the design of the truck. It is shown that there are rational parameters and a rational design of the track track. The decrease in the metal consumption of the truck when choosing rational parameters and the rational design of the truck can reach 92%.

This article analyzes some characteristics of the current state of bike sharing in Moscow and justifies a number of priority measures for its further development.

The first part of the article presents the results of experimental studies of the impact of several existing bike sharing stations on the comfort level of pedestrians. It is shown that the existing principles of placement of bike sharing stations ensure their minimal impact on the level of comfort of pedestrians. Of the 11 stations surveyed, only one degrades the comfort level of pedestrians to an unacceptable level, and then only during maneuvers when taking or returning a Bicycle from the station.

The second part of the article presents the results of analytical determination of the average distance between bike sharing stations in different parts of Moscow. Using cartographic information, calculated areas characterized by different densities of bike sharing stations were identified, and the average distance between stations was determined for each area, taking into account the tortuosity of bike routes. Information in graphic form was plotted on the map of Moscow. The resulting image shows that the recommended distance between stations in international practice, equal to 300 m, is observed only in a few Central areas of the city. On the larger territory of the city, this critical indicator significantly exceeds the recommended 300 meters. The article suggests measures to increase the density of bike sharing stations based on international experience.

In the third part of the article, based on the use of the methodology for evaluating the complex indicator Cycling Level of Service (CLoS) for the bicycle route from the Tretyakovskaya metro station to the Paveletskaya metro station, it is shown that the current situation does not create favorable conditions for the use of this infrastructure by bicycle users (CLoS = 36 points, therefore, the bicycle route should be classified as low-quality, suitable only for very experienced cyclists). Thanks proposed in the paper are relatively simple measures could improve the level of service quality cyclists (CLoS) to a value of 65 points, which will consider the route as medium, suitable for most "average" cyclists.

The implementation of the proposed measures is highly likely to lead to an increase in the use of bike sharing in Moscow.

This article analyzes the main normative documents regulating the process of creating a Bicycle infrastructure and justifies a number of priority measures to improve them.

The analysis of the current revision of the town planning code of the Russian Federation, Federal laws "On organization of traffic in Russia", "On road safety", "About highways and about road activity in the Russian Federation", "On General principles of organization of local government in the Russian Federation", the Budgetary code of the Russian Federation, Technical regulations of the Customs Union "road Safety", decrees of the Government of the Russian Federation "Requirements to programmes for the integrated development of transport infrastructure of settlements, urban districts", Traffic regulations in Russia. Shortcomings and contradictions that prevent the deployment of the process of creating a Bicycle infrastructure and the development of Bicycle movement in Russia are identified.

The main obstacle that hinders the development of the Bicycle infrastructure is the fact that bicycles and technical means of individual mobility (TMIM) are not considered as full-fledged "vehicles". Accordingly, the Bicycle infrastructure is considered not as a full-fledged transport infrastructure, but as an element of site improvement and recreation.

To" start "the process of developing Bicycle transport, it is necessary to amend the definition of such concepts as" vehicle"," road"," driver of the vehicle", explicitly specifying the place of Bicycle transport and TSIM in these concepts. This will allow you to use all the accumulated experience in the field of road activities for the development of Bicycle infrastructure and infrastructure for TMIM.

The second" lever " for the development of TSIM and Bicycle transport is the mechanism for developing plans for the integrated development of transport infrastructure and Integrated traffic management schemes. It is important to ensure the effectiveness and quality of these documents.

Finally, the third key element of improving legislation is a clearer classification of TMIM and bicycles, as well as other vehicles, in the Traffic regulations. This will allow you to regulate and clearly distinguish the rules of operation of these vehicles.

The article is devoted to the study of the use of cryptocurrencies in the modern economy and the identification of changes in the financial system under the influence of the use of new technologies. In particular, the problems of using the most common cryptocurrencies are described, their advantages and disadvantages are analyzed, their application areas are examined. The article addresses the issue of developing a national cryptocurrency to ensure the security of its use, in contrast to existing cryptocurrencies.
As a result of the analysis of the use of existing cryptocurrencies, it seems that in a number of countries they are already used, since legal regulation has been developed. In Russia, at the moment, all the necessary conditions for the introduction of cryptocurrency into everyday use have not yet been created. This is, first of all, the legislative permission to use cryptocurrency, the presence of people with special knowledge and equipment.

The article considers the need to assess professional competencies and their impact on improving the efficiency of the production process. The reasons that caused the need to review the role of the employee in the process of improving the quality of products due to not only their material, but also moral motivation based on improving the level of qualification requirements are revealed. The paper also presents an analysis of existing certification systems that are successfully implemented in the United States, Japan and Europe. The issues of availability and content of professional standards in the field of automotive industry and the need to develop on their basis requirements for developing educational standards in order to form the necessary competencies for graduates in demand in the current production. The article provides a justification for the need to create a system of certification of qualifications and moral and material incentives for this process, not only for specific performers, but also for the production as a whole.

The article explores the chief tendencies of enterprises in the digital transformation of the economy, and determines its impact on business and the business environment. The research methodology includes a description of the factors of development of the digital economy that affect the competitiveness of business structures. It is proved that in modern conditions the level of competitiveness of business structures is determined by the level of their digitalization. Special attention is paid to the study of the impact of the digital economy on individual industries. The effects of the introduction of digital technologies in the activities of business structures are revealed. It is suggested that digitalization leads to the displacement of classical intermediaries from the market by the owners of digital platforms. The natural result of the study was the conclusion that the introduction of digital technologies entails tougher competition, creating threats to existing leaders coming from the latest waves of innovation.

This article discusses problems and tasks of informatization in transportation business. The content of transport digitalization trends is presented: telematics, big data, "one window" for the client, a single digital space.

Special attention is paid to the disclosure of the specifics of management and technological problems of digitalization in transport sector of the economy, including the formation of a multimodal digital space.

The article deals with the functional design solutions of key tasks of transport logistics and the direction of reforming the state system of control and supervision in the field of transport.

Modern information technologies change public relations cardinally. Introduction of "digital economy" is a lever of development of economic pattern and environment on the whole, as a great number of possibilities appears for people realizing the knowledge and ambitions, here creating a favourable reliable social environment for development of the future. The concept of "digital economy" opens up in this article, that talks about the new stage of perfection of management producing goods and services on the basis of application of modern information technologies, beginning from the internet and ending technologies of e-government. The theme of development of digital economy and digital technologies is analysed in detail, including directions of informative infrastructure and necessity of educating and selection of shots for a digital economy in Russian Federation.

In article, the author addresses the issue of personal and professional formation of a teacher of physical culture in a higher educational institution, which is extremely relevant in the context of the state policy on the modernization of the educational process in universities. As a result of the study, which included the Klimov’s test, focus group research, interviewing, as well as the author’s observation of the procedure of certification of employees over the past years, a number of factors were identified that affect the personal and professional formation and development of the physical culture teacher in university in the context of the implementation of GEF.

The article contains a generalized content of the concept of methodical work in the system of military training of students. The system-forming role and place of methodical work as a key factor of qualitative improvement of military training and education of students of military training centers, goals, tasks, main forms and types of its implementation are defined. The organizational and content bases of the main forms and types of methodical work are revealed. Particular attention is paid to the need to restore the situation in 2000-2004. practice of annual all-Russian scientific-methodical and scientific-practical conferences in the interests of development of the communication system of the scientific-pedagogical community of military training centers, discussion of the main contradictions and problems in the system of military training of students, development of optimal approaches to their solution and qualitative improvement of the scientific-pedagogical activity carried out in this system, generalization and implementation of the best experience of military training and education of students. Proposed by the author are innovative forms of integration of educational process of military educational centres providing for the implementation in practice of its holding complex group exercises and an integrated tactical and special training tasks, providing the opportunity for interconnected testing of all categories of students in military training centers students of all organisational and practical algorithm of actions of the official purpose within the divisions in the organization, preparation and execution of tasks assigned to them in modern combat. The problems of comprehensive scientific study of the organization and methodology of training and collection activities of students of military training centers in the military, as well as the restoration of the educational and methodological Association for military training of students and its regional divisions.