Diagnostics used to maintain the efficiency of the internal combustion engine. A complex has been developed for non-selective diagnostics by simulating engine operation. The purpose of the study is the ability of this complex to identify a violation in the size of the thermal gap of the engine valve. The experiment involves changing the thermal gap in the intake and exhaust valves up and down. The result of the experiment is the oscillograms of pressure changes in the intake, exhaust manifolds and crankcase of the engine at different sizes of the thermal gap. Based on the conducted research, it can be concluded that when simulating various malfunctions, the pressure values are different and differ from the pressure with a working engine, and the nature of the flow of pressure waveforms along the angle of rotation of the engine camshaft is also different, which will allow determining the specific causes of malfunction of engines and their systems.

The paper examines the problems and corresponding limitations of using known methods for determining the characteristics of engines using the braking method when testing vehicles equipped with hybrid power units (HPU). The main goal of the article is to develop and justify an appropriate method for studying the characteristics of series-parallel type HPU units.

The proposed method is computational and experimental and is based on the sequential organization of the road-testing process. The technique is based on the use of diagnostic equipment to obtain on-board telemetry data, as well as a dynamometer device that allows you to determine the torque on the drive wheel - an appropriate design is proposed and the working process is considered.

On the first, changes are made when the car is moving in various modes exclusively on electric traction. The second stage of testing, with comprehensive consideration of the data from the first stage, makes it possible to determine the characteristics of the remaining HPU units. As an example, the article considers the Toyota Prius 2015 model year.

The developed method is intended to determine the mechanical characteristics of electric machines and their efficiency characteristics in motor and generator modes, as well as the partial speed characteristics of internal combustion engines in terms of effective power and specific effective fuel consumption.

The paper analyzes the existing strategies for organizing the workflow of a gas engine in terms of compliance with modern environmental requirements, energy efficiency and power characteristics. The following strategies are considered: operation of a gas engine on poor mixtures, on a stoichiometric mixture, in dual-fuel mode, by injection of natural gas under high pressure. Experimental data are described, the pros and cons of each strategy are identified, and a conclusion is made about the prospects and the need for further research. It was found that the use of various strategies for organizing the working process of a gas engine makes it possible to reduce specific fuel consumption by 5.6%, reduce emissions of toxic substances with exhaust gases by up to 80%. Reduction of fuel costs by 2.3 times compared to diesel engines.

The article discusses the determination of the aerodynamic drag coefficient of a car using CFD modeling and the experimental free run method. The influence of the Cx coefficient on vehicle fuel consumption has been studied. The study was carried out on a Nissan Terrano 3. Computer modeling was performed using the domestic FlowVision CFD module. The features of the formation of the model are considered. Special attention is paid to the selection of solver settings and adaptation of the computational grid using the example of a verification model - the Ahmed body. The calculation results are presented in the form of visualization, in numerical values and graphical form. The values of the forces acting on the elements of the car and the coefficients Cx for flow around at a speed of 57 km/h were obtained. The coefficient Cx was determined experimentally using empirical dependencies. A justification is given for the discrepancy between the results of calculation and experiment related to assumptions in the geometry of the car and boundary conditions during modeling. The influence of the coefficient on the power expended on aerodynamic drag has been established. When the Cx coefficient decreases by 0,05, the consumed power is reduced by 12%. The influence of this coefficient on vehicle fuel consumption was also revealed.

Determining the actual fuel consumption of car engines is a prerequisite for the efficient operation of road transport. One of the methods for determining fuel consumption that does not require significant costs associated with integrating additional control devices into the fuel system of cars is to use information about the instantaneous fuel consumption available in the on-board CAN bus of the car. As a result, the issue of assessing the accuracy of this method becomes relevant. The paper compares the integral values of fuel consumption obtained in two ways: according to information from the on-board CAN bus of the car and by the mass method. The Lada Kalina 2 car with the VAZ-21126 engine was used as the object of study. The research was carried out on a dynamometric hub test bench Dynapack DAQ+ V43, which made it possible to set various stationary load modes of the engine. In the course of the study, the following tasks were accomplished: identification of the on-board CAN bus package of the car containing information about the instantaneous volumetric fuel consumption, creation of a software and hardware complex based on the CANNY 7 logical programmable controller and a personal computer, which allows monitoring and recording the fuel consumption value obtained from the CAN bus, creation of a mass fuel flowmeter. As a result of the research, it was found that the integral values of fuel consumption obtained from the on-board CAN bus and by the mass method differ. The discrepancy ranges from 18,6% to 23,6% for different load modes. Thus, the method of determining the actual fuel consumption based on information from the on-board CAN bus of the car may have relatively low accuracy, which must be taken into account when using it in practice.

The results of a computational study of the working process of a modern spark ignition engine when operating as part of a combined power plant (CPP) of a passenger car moving along the driving cycle are presented. Two-cylinder and four-cylinder engines with a compression ratio ε = 9.9 were considered as objects of research. The study was carried out under the condition that the excess air coefficient α = 1 was maintained for both spark ignition engines using both gasoline and ammonia. The results show that the use of CPP makes it possible to reduce engine displacement and reduce fuel consumption over the driving cycle by 18%. A decrease in the amount of heat supplied to the cycle with fuel at medium and high load modes was noted while ensuring the total specified power of the CPP required for vehicle movement. This eliminates the need to increase the fuel supply on board the vehicle when switching from gasoline to ammonia, but there is a need to select a rational combination of the required power of a spark ignition engine and an electric motor.

The possibilities of improving the performance of a gas engine with a multipoint gas injection to the intake system are considered when moving from the simplest system – an injector in the intake channel – to a ring atomizer that ensures uniform distribution of gas fuel across the cross section of the intake channel. A model of the Cummins isbe 6.7 gas engine was developed in the FlowVision software package with a single nozzle and a ring atomizer for gas supply. The 3D modeling carried out showed a more uniform distribution of gas throughout the cylinder in the case of an annular atomizer during the intake and compression processes. Calculations of the indicator diagram were carried out, showing that in the case of using a ring atomizer, the indicator parameters of both power and fuel efficiency of the engine will improve by 1.7 percent.

An increase in the number of vehicles leads to an increase in traffic density, which increases the average number of braking times per kilometer traveled, thereby increasing the load on the braking system of each vehicle.

The purpose of this study is to select parameters and assess the influence of the wear level of the disc-brake pad friction pair on the braking distance and braking time for the further creation of mathematical models of the efficiency of braking systems.

Due to the high demand for sheet metal parts in aviation and other branches of mechanical engineering, as well as an increase in their production volumes, the design of bending tools and templates has become relevant. For an example of design, a typical part in mechanical engineering was taken – the diaphragm. Four templates and two mandrels with clamps were designed, such as: a part scan template, a different template, an internal contour template and mandrels with clamps of the first and second transition. The individual features in the design of templates and mandrels for bending are considered. The article presents several ways to calculate the sweep: calculation using formulas and 3d modeling of the sweep of a part. The spring of the part is taken into account when designing the mandrels and calculated in several ways: mathematical, tabular and experimental.

The purpose of the presented article is to identify all common critical defects of body parts using the example of a diesel engine cylinder block, leading them to decommissioning and overhaul in operating conditions or at specialized repair enterprises. The determination of the locations of these defects will make it possible to assess their elimination as a whole and select repair methods for each specific location of their location on different surfaces of the cylinder blocks. To enable practical implementation of the investigated repair methods, considering their advantages and disadvantages, the article presents technological methods of various properties, which, when used, have a negative effect on changing the spatial geometry of cylinder blocks in the process of restoring their performance. For example, the use of heat-saturated welding processes necessitates subsequent machining of the contact surfaces of the cylinder blocks to meet the requirements of the design documentation for the mutual arrangement of the remaining ICE parts adjacent to it, which is the most important condition for ensuring reliable operation not only of the engine itself, but also of the car as a whole.

The article provides an overview of compactor equipment and methods of compaction of asphalt concrete mixtures. The most common defects of asphalt concrete pavements associated with poor-quality compaction, the vibration effect of rollers and a violation of the preparation of the base on which the mixture is laid are considered. The vibration effect of road rollers, despite sufficient efficiency, still remains not an absolute panacea for the appearance of defects in the pavement. The authors describe the reasons why the vibration effect of rollers does not always allow to achieve a qualitatively laid layer of asphalt concrete mixture. The static and vibrational effects of rollers on asphalt concrete mixtures are analyzed, the main advantages and disadvantages of various impacts on the material are presented. The result of the study is the dependence of the compaction quality on the method of exposure, the type of machine and the preparation of the base. Compliance with the roller compaction technology during road construction is an important factor contributing to a significant increase in the resource of asphalt concrete pavement. The slightest deviations in the compaction by the roller lead to the formation of coating defects and a reduction in its service life.  The order of construction of the machines in the set by weight, the order of application of static and vibration effects on the mixture, the parameters of the finishing roller of the set – all this significantly affects the density of the asphalt concrete coating and its resource.

This article discusses the current issue of developing a hybrid gas-diesel vehicle (VV). To reduce the cost of fuel, installing a gas-diesel power plant is considered a rational solution. Arguments are presented to justify the need to develop the use of a gas-diesel internal combustion engine (ICE). An analysis of the fuel mixture and the pricing policy of the fuel market was carried out. The development of this type of vehicle is important to reduce material costs for the same distance traveled.

The goal of the work is to reduce the material costs of fuel consumed for long-haul tractors. The object of the study is the KamAZ-54901 main tractor. The subject of scientific research is assessing the economic feasibility of the project. The final part provides practical recommendations for using a hybrid power plant with a gas-diesel power system.

For the building of transport infrastructure objects, in particular bridge structures, various means of constructions mechanization are used, the most popular of which are cranes of various design and purpose. To speed up the installation of prefabricated spans, portal cranes are used, allowing ready-made beams to be install in the design position. Unfortunately, such cranes are extremely poorly represented on the Russian market, therefore it is necessary to research of design and operating features of existing models of portal cranes. For comparative analysis, systems were used whose main beams were lattice trusses and box-shaped steel beams, working in conjunction with hydraulic drives. Research was carried out to study various types of portal cranes, and dependence of position of the load on the work of portal cranes was studied. The main indicators considered were: the length, width, and height of the main beams of portal cranes, the speed of movement of the trolley, the maximum lifting capacity, the weight cranes, as well the types of structures of portal cranes. The luck of sufficient data on various systems of portal cranes and the methodology for their calculation and design on the territory of the Russian Federation provides sufficient grounds for conducting research and collecting the necessary data.

The article discusses the features of the fleet of vehicles of the road and communal services of the metropolis and its service support. An analysis of the growth of harvesting areas and the fleet of road and municipal equipment in Moscow over a long period of time is given. Based on the structural and technological homogeneity of the machine fleet, a conclusion was made about the need for mutual adaptation of the machine fleet and the production and technical base for their service.

In recent years, given the accelerated development of the automated driving systems, the Government of the Russian Federation has comprehensively promoted the introduction of highly automated vehicles into the traffic flow of public roads for the provision of transport services.  An important part of road safety is the operational design domain definition of a highly automated vehicle. The operational design domain is the environmental and geographical conditions, time of day, as well as traffic, infrastructure, weather and other conditions for operation in which the automated driving system is designed to operate. The paper reviews an operational design domain definition approach for highly automated vehicles, identifies its importance in in the development and testing processes, as well as ensuring road safety. An analytical review of the international standard ISO 34503-2023 is performed.

The article examines the implementation of innovative technologies in the transport infrastructure, as well as the main trends and legislative initiatives in the field of ITS in Russia, undertaken with the aim of achieving the goals by 2030. The work substantiates the relevance of this topic, since at the moment the legislative framework of Russia in the field of ITS is actively developing.

ITS is rapidly gaining momentum, becoming a key element on the path to creating a sustainable, safe and efficient transport infrastructure. The transition to intelligent transport systems requires not only technological innovation, but also appropriate legislative support.

The article is devoted to the development of a system for reserving the time of access to an automobile checkpoint by vehicles for crossing the state border of the Russian Federation. The article describes in detail the structure of the system, its capabilities and advantages. The time reservation system is designed to reserve in advance the time interval of the entrance to the automobile checkpoint. Thus, the cargo carrier has the opportunity to book the time by which it is necessary to arrive to check the reservation and verify the registration number and further movement towards the automobile checkpoint.

The system was tested on an experimental section of the A-350 highway, located in close proximity to the Zabaikalsk automobile checkpoint. The test results showed the high efficiency of the time reservation system and its ability to optimize the process of vehicles approaching the territory of the crossing point.

The article considers the possibility of predicting traffic accidents using predicative analytics methods. The phenomenon of conflict on public roads, which includes a chain of collision events and objects of different nature, is proposed as a subject basis. The main factors influencing the development of conflict have, among others, a socio-psychological basis, formed on complex models of vehicle operation by the type of realized transport activity within the existing economic formation. On the basis of the conducted analysis the basic criteria of conflict, as well as an instrumental method for assessing its level in the traffic flow with the use of photo and video detection subsystems, subsystems of meteorological monitoring, subsystems for detecting accidents and emergencies, with the qualitative use of V2X technologies are proposed.

One of the methods for solving transport problems is the ant algorithm. Transport issues are multifactorial, and it is not always possible to solve the optimization problems in practice. In this paper, a modified ant algorithm using a stochastic population is proposed to prevent the possibility of getting stuck at local extrema, which will make solving the problem more efficient. The program code for the ant algorithm was written with and without modification. A comparison was made based on the results of the two algorithms.

The economic transformations taking place under the influence of modern global trends in financial globalization and integration generate shifts in the structure of monetary regulation. The purpose of this article is to summarize the existing theoretical approaches to the problem of formation and regulation of the exchange rate based on the study of the evolution of relevant theories and concepts. The current instruments of the monetary policy of the Russian Federation are considered, the features of the modern practice of currency regulation are revealed. The foreign policy factors influencing the mechanism of coordination of currency relations are formulated. The specifics of conducting currency transactions based on the trends in the development of the world economy are substantiated. The relationship between the balance of payments and the exchange rate is investigated. A macroeconomical assessment of statistical data on the structure and dynamics of the balance of payments of the Russian Federation was carried out, as well as a retrospective analysis of the exchange rate policy was performed. The logical conclusion of the study was that in order to improve the economic situation in the Russian Federation and ensure the financial security of the state, it is necessary to optimize the mechanism of currency regulation.

The passive attitude of students to practical physical education classes forces them to look for different ways to introduce young people to physical education and sports, requires maximum use of their motivation to form a positive attitude to physical culture and sports activity. One of the directions of such activity is the wider use of students' educational and research work (UIRS) as part of the educational process of physical education. At the Department of Physical Education of MADI, students conduct a variety of theoretical and practical studies, but they necessarily correspond to the main groups of motives for students to engage in physical education and sports. Students conduct the broadest and most diverse research on health and a healthy lifestyle, on the use of physical culture and sports activity for health and aesthetic purposes related to physicality and the formation of a harmoniously developed body.   

Students receiving new information and new knowledge within the framework of the UIRS on the subject of "Physical Culture" will undoubtedly form their motivation and need for independent physical education and sports, compliance and following a healthy lifestyle, effective use of all its components.