The article considers the possibility and prospects of using motor transport with power plants using hydrogen as fuel in the system of internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation. The main methods of producing hydrogen fuel are given, traditional types of fuel with hydrogen are described, as well as their energy parameters and environmental characteristics are indicated. The design of an engine running on hydrogen fuel, its main advantages and disadvantages are considered. The main operational characteristics of power plants powered by hydrogen fuel are considered, as well as their efficiency in comparison with vehicles powered by electric power plants.

The types of control at the construction site are considered. The parameters that are important at the design stage of asphalt concrete mix according to the method of volumetric and functional design are highlighted. An experimental method of temperature estimation using a thermal imager is noted.

In the modern practice of road construction, an important criterion for deciding on the participation of road building companies in tenders is the availability on the balance sheet of the organization of machines and mechanisms, which are necessary for the production of works. For example, in the USA, in many states, firms that do not have asphalt concrete mix loaders on their balance sheet, are not allowed to participate in the tender for contracts. In the described cases, arises the question about the payback period of the purchased equipment. There are quite a few large contractors in our country who have sufficient financial resources to purchase advanced road construction equipment (primarily foreign production), which can recoup the funds invested in it only with large annual volumes of work. In particular, such road-building equipment includes asphalt-laying complexes for the production of works with the technology of joint laying in several layers. The article proposes a method for assessing the payback of such an asphalt-laying complex, based on determining the difference in the cost of asphalt concrete laid by different technologies.

Substantiation of requirements to the normative indicators of the level of winter maintenance of highways, allows solving the problems of winter operation due to the correct organization of work: provision of road maintenance service with personnel, a park of cleaning equipment, manufacturing enterprises. The main normative indicator that must be used for planning winter operation is the maximum permissible thickness of uncompacted snow sediments on the pavement of the roadway. At the same time, the periodicity of measures established by state standard 58862-2020 for the treatment of the pavement with de-icing materials and snow removal are insufficient to meet the requirements for the permissible thickness of loose snow sediments. This circumstance negatively effects on the organization of winter maintenance. The article proposes a technical and economic approach to determine the value of this indicator, and shows that its optimal value may differ from the standardized one. The developed methodology takes into account the cost of transportation, losses from road accidents and the cost of clearing the roadway from snow.

With the adoption of GOST R 59918-2021, the assessment of the strength of multilayer pavement should be accompanied by the calculation of the elastic moduli of individual layers. The source of information for solving this problem is the cup of deflection of the pavement surface, determined experimentally using a dynamic loading facility. The method for determining the elastic moduli of the layers along the deflection bowl is regulated by the specified standard and is based on solving the inverse problem of the theory of elasticity for a multilayer half-space using the apparatus of integral transformations. Due to the difference in the properties of a real road structure from the properties of its mathematical model, the experimentally measured bowl of deflections may have small distortions. In this work, the sources of such distortions are analyzed and the probabilities of reliable determination of layer-by-layer elastic moduli are estimated in the course of solving the inverse problem.

The article discusses the method of calculating the centrifugal compressor of a diesel engine in the FlowVision software package. The features of loading the model for solving the problem in the sector-sliding formulation are considered. The features of the calculation are given, such as: installation of a throttle valve with a variable angle of inclination at the outlet, limiting parameters, an adaptive computational grid. The visualization of the main parameters of the compressor in volume and in sections is presented. The test of a centrifugal compressor on a stand with different angular velocities and at different air flow rates is simulated. Based on the test results, graphs of the compressor characteristics were compiled and compared with the experimental characteristics of the prototypes TKR 700.1-01 and K27-54.3-01. The results showed good convergence, which allows us to conclude that the model was built correctly and that it can be used for similar calculations.

The designs of power units in modern vehicles are continuously being improved, and the requirements for harmful emissions are becoming stricter. The modern AdBlue exhaust gas cleaning system deserves special attention, the concepts of performance, maintainability and operation, when emission standards are tightened, and exhaust gases can contain a large content of harmful substances that adversely affect the environment and public health.

At the same time, it is necessary to understand whether it makes sense to install, maintain in working condition and how well the SCR system copes with emissions, in particular NOx emissions. Using Internet sources, various literature, the authors conducted a study and analysis based on the reviews of car owners, various tests in which the advantages and disadvantages of the SCR system were compared with the Unified State Register system.

Simple and fast models of the working process of internal combustion engines make it possible to speed up and reduce the cost of their development. Models can also be used to load into the memory of the electronic control unit of the engine in order to optimally control all its adjustment parameters in a wide range of operating modes. The Moscow Automobile and Road Construction State Technical University (MADI) proposed a gas diesel working process model based on a previously developed one-zone diesel working process model. The assessment of the main differences between the algorithms for calculating the compression-combustion-expansion processes in diesel and gas diesel engines and their influence on the performance of gas diesel engine is carried out. To calibrate the model, calculations using the FIRE model from AVL and the results of experimental tests of a gas diesel engine were used. A high convergence of calculated and experimental results is shown.

A change in the performance of a Cummins 6.7 isbe truck diesel engine in case of its conversion into a gas engine running on a stoichiometric or lean gas-air mixture, and the possibility of compensating for power loss compared to the base diesel engine was predicted. Calculations of power and fuel efficiency, as well as indicators of mechanical and thermal stress of three engines in the rated mode were performed using the calculation complex of the four-stroke cycle of diesel/gas diesel/gas engine MADI. It was demonstrated that one can obtain the same power in both gas engines as in the base diesel engine when adjusting the gas fuel rate and boost pressure. Compared to the base diesel engine, the effective efficiency of the lean-burn gas engine decreased by 9.3%, and that of the stoichiometric mixture by 13.9%. The heat stress parameter decreased by 10.5% for the gas engine operating on a lean mixture, and practically did not change for the stoichiometric engine.

The goal of this paper was to estimate a gain in fuel efficiency of an eight-cylinder V-shaped (V8) turbocharged truck diesel engine if it is replaced by a six-cylinder inline (L6) diesel engine having the same displacement and power. For this, a V8 engine with two turbochargers and L6 engine with one turbocharger were compared by simulation using the AVL BOOST software. Both engines had a similar torque by the full load characteristic. The factors influencing the fuel efficiency: indicator efficiency, pumping losses, turbocharger efficiency and others were analyzed. The Р6 engine demonstrated a uniform pattern of pressure pulsations in the exhaust manifold and at the turbine inlet. The V8 engine had an uneven pattern and higher amplitude of pulsations which resulted in higher pumping losses and lower turbine efficiency. The brake specific fuel consumption of the Р6 engine was by 3.5-7.0 percent lower than that of the V8 engine.

The role of venture financing of companies in the economic development of the state is revealed. The characteristics of the venture market are given, as well as the goals and objectives of venture funds are defined. The stages of formation of venture business in Russia and abroad are considered. The dynamics of venture investments in Russia and the USA is analyzed. The issues of priority areas of venture capital investment are investigated. The stages of the investment process and the differences between venture financing and other forms of investment are described. A comparative analysis of the life cycle of innovative and traditional companies is carried out. The increasing degree of interdependence between the capacity of the venture capital market and the innovative development of the state is proved. The logical result of the study was the conclusion that it is necessary to develop measures aimed at improving the venture business industry.

The article discusses the testing method as a way to control the assimilation of knowledge by students on the example of the discipline "Physics" and the rules for its application. The characteristics of testing that provide an objective interpretation of the results are given. These characteristics are the difficulty of the test, its reliability and validity. The types of tests and examples of test tasks offered to students of a technical university are considered. The test results allow teachers to identify sections of physics that cause the greatest difficulties in understanding and mastering. Such sections are conservation laws in mechanics and ideas about rotational motion and knowledge of its characteristics. The average score of the test results does not exceed 6 out of 10 possible. This fact shows that there are gaps in the knowledge of certain sections of physics. The identification of such sections necessitates the improvement of the method of knowledge transfer to students, as well as the improvement and modification of test tasks.

The currently emerging strategy of technological sovereignty in the Russian Federation forces us to again turn to the content of engineering education. The domestic higher technical school has gone a significant way in its development and has accumulated a significant baggage of traditions. The author of the article refers to them: timely answers in the content of education to requests for economic development, the relationship of training with advanced achievements in science, the high public importance of the profession of an engineer and teacher of a university, accounting for international experience, as well as broad humanitarian training and the formation of social responsibility among students.