THEORY OF KNOWLEDGE I. KANT

Abstract

The article is devoted to the analysis of the key points of I. Kant's theory of knowledge. “Kopernikansky coup” by I. Kant, regarding the view of the place and role of the subject and object of cognition. The author notes, on the one hand, the influence on Kant of his predecessors, in particular, Hume and Descartes, and on the other, the originality of his epistemological concept. In the history of philosophy, I. Kant is a philosopher who created a completely new method of substantiating scientific knowledge. He called this method "critical." The author considers the critical method of I. Kant in different aыpects. He also dwells in more detail on the definition of space and time as an external and internal forms of feeling. It turns out that the sensory world or the world of phenomena perceived in the forms of space and time is supplemented by the non-spatial and timeless (intelligible, intelligible) world, which we cognize with the help of the concepts of our reason. We have a priori knowledge in the fields of both mathematics and metaphysics: mathematics is based on the concepts of space and time, and metaphysics is based on the concepts of reason. For the first time in the history of philosophy, in Critique of Pure Reason, Kant raises the question: how can we know something about things based on ideas. And this is the main question of Kant's theory of knowledge.