Problems of maintaining an acceptable environmental condition of special-purpose machines in the Russian Federation under the conditions of global challenges and the ways of their solution

Abstract

In the article, based on the analysis of age, environmental class and changes in the requirements for the toxicity of exhaust gases of fire engine engines during certification, a concept is proposed for providing them with an acceptable environmental risk in places of application. The concept is supported by theoretically and experimentally substantiated original technical and technological solutions for the integrated use of diagnostics of failures (malfunctions) of the engine and its fuel system based on the variable composition of exhaust gases, water-fuel micro-emulsions of diesel fuel stabilized by surfactants, and oxidative converters of the block designs with a platinum catalyst. Failure diagnostics is based on empirical relationships between the critical parameters of the fuel system and the smoke and gas composition of the exhaust gases. It is shown that the proposed solutions increase the toxic safety of fire engine engines by two environmental classes.