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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">madi</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Автомобиль. Дорога. Инфраструктура. = Avtomobil'. Doroga. Infrastruktura.</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Avtomobil'. Doroga. Infrastruktura.</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2409-7217</issn><publisher><publisher-name>МАДИ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">madi-1559</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>2.4.7. Турбомашины и поршневые двигатели</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Обзор технологий применения водорода  в двигателях с искровым зажиганием</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>An Overview of Hydrogen Application Technologies  in Spark-Ignition Engines</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фан</surname><given-names>Ван Тхач</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Phan</surname><given-names>Van Thach</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>postgraduate</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">phanvanthachthuha@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дунин</surname><given-names>Андрей Юревич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dunin</surname><given-names>Andrey Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р техн. наук, доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Sciences (Technical), associate professor</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.u.dunin@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хоанг</surname><given-names>Тху Ха</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Hoang</surname><given-names>Thu Ha</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>слушатель подготовительного факультета</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Student of the Preparatory Department</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">hoangthuhavathach@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нгуен</surname><given-names>Дык Киен</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nguyen</surname><given-names>Duc Kien</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>postgraduate</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vacnike911@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">МАДИ<country>Вьетнам</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">MADI<country>Viet Nam</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1(47)</issue><fpage>2</fpage><lpage>2</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Фан В., Дунин А.Ю., Хоанг Т., Нгуен Д., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Фан В., Дунин А.Ю., Хоанг Т., Нгуен Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Phan V., Dunin A.Y., Hoang T., Nguyen D.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.adi-madi.ru/madi/article/view/1559">https://www.adi-madi.ru/madi/article/view/1559</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье рассматриваются перспективы использования водорода в качестве экологически чистого топлива для двигателей с искровым зажиганием (ДсИЗ). На основе анализа литературных данных проведено сравнение водородных и бензиновых ДВС. В работе выявлено преимущество водорода по выходной мощности и среднему эффективному давлению, реализуемое за счет перехода на степень сжатия 14,5:1. Это обусловлено высокой температурой самовоспламенения газа (858°C) и его исключительной теплотворной способностью, которая почти в три раза превышает показатели бензина (120 МДж/кг против 44 МДж/кг). Анализ показал более высокий эксергетический КПД водородного ДВС (69,40% против 60,49%) вследствие снижения необратимости. В работе систематизированы основные подходы к адаптации существующих ДВС под водородное топливо: частичная замена бензина или полный переход на водород, а также методы подачи топлива (непосредственный и распределенный впрыск). Особое внимание уделено анализу аномальных явлений, таких как детонация и преждевременное воспламенение, возникающих при работе на водороде, и рассмотрены преимущества использования обедненных смесей для их минимизации. Рассмотрен патент компании Toyota, предлагающий использование впрыскивания воды  для минимизации эмиссии оксидов азота (NOx) и оптимизации термодинамического КПД установки. В работе приведен подробный анализ двух конфигураций водородных двигателей, оснащенных системами рециркуляции ОГ (EGR). Кроме того, представлена принципиальная архитектура экспериментального комплекса, предназначенного для проведения стендовых испытаний.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article explores the prospects of using hydrogen as an environmentally friendly fuel for spark-ignition (SI) engines. Based on a comprehensive literature review, a comparative analysis between hydrogen-powered and gasoline-fueled internal combustion engines (ICE) was conducted. The study identifies hydrogen's advantages in terms of power output and brake mean effective pressure (BMEP), achieved by increasing the compression ratio to 14.5:1. This is attributed to hydrogen's high auto-ignition temperature (858°C) and its exceptional heating value, which is nearly three times that of gasoline (120 MJ/kg versus 44 MJ/kg). The analysis reveals a higher exergy efficiency for the hydrogen engine (69.40% compared to 60.49%) due to reduced irreversibility. The paper systematizes primary approaches for adapting existing ICEs to hydrogen fuel, including partial gasoline substitution, full hydrogen conversion, and fuel delivery methods (direct and manifold injection). Particular emphasis is placed on analyzing combustion anomalies, such as detonation and pre-ignition, occurring during hydrogen operation, alongside the benefits of utilizing lean mixtures for their mitigation. A Toyota patent proposing water injection to minimize nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions and optimize thermodynamic efficiency is examined. Furthermore, the study provides a detailed analysis of two hydrogen engine configurations equipped with exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) systems. Finally, the fundamental architecture of an experimental setup designed for bench testing is presented.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>двигатель с искровым зажиганием (ДсИЗ)</kwd><kwd>водород</kwd><kwd>детонация</kwd><kwd>непосредственное впрыскивание</kwd><kwd>обедненные смеси</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>spark ignition internal combustion engine (SI engine)</kwd><kwd>hydrogen</kwd><kwd>knock probability determination</kwd><kwd>direct injection</kwd><kwd>lean mixtures</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Альтернативные топлива для двигателей внутреннего сгорания /</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">References</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">А. А. Александров, И. А. Архаров, В. В. Багров [и др.] ; Под редакцией А. 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